Nabilah, Hilyatun (2025) The effect of human development index, gross fixed capital formation, inflation, and exchange rate on the middle income trap in Indonesia 1993-2022 / Hilyatun Nabilah</p>. Diploma thesis, Universitas Negeri Malang.
Full text not available from this repository.Abstract
p Based on the World Bank s income classification Indonesia has been classified as a middle income country for 30 years. The stagnant economic growth rate of 5% indicates a slowdown in productivity trapping Indonesia in the middle income trap phenomenon. This study analyzes the variables of Human Development Index (HDI) Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF) inflation and exchange rate against GNI per capita as a proxy for the middle income trap over a 30 year period from 1993 to 2022. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) is used as the analysis method in this study. Based on the estimation results in the short term GFCF has the potential to increase GNI per capita while the exchange rate decreases GNI per capita. Meanwhile HDI and inflation do not have a significant effect on GNI per capita. The long term estimation results show that only GFCF has the potential to increase GNI per capita while HDI inflation and the exchange rate do not have a significant effect on GNI per capita. Based on these findings the government needs to encourage an increase in GFCF through productive investment in strategic sectors and maintain exchange rate stability so as not to weaken competitiveness and national income thereby enabling Indonesia to escape the middle income trap. /p
| Item Type: | Thesis (Diploma) |
|---|---|
| Divisions: | Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis (FEB) > Departemen Ekonomi Pembangunan (EKP) > S1 Ekonomi dan Studi Pembangunan |
| Depositing User: | library UM |
| Date Deposited: | 14 Oct 2025 04:29 |
| Last Modified: | 09 Sep 2025 03:00 |
| URI: | http://repository.um.ac.id/id/eprint/425255 |
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