Rachmawati (2008) Conversational implicatures among students of English Letters Department of the Islamic State University of Malang / Rachmawati. Doctoral thesis, Universitas Negeri Malang.
Full text not available from this repository.Abstract
The present study attempted to delineate how EFL students from the Indonesian context handle the use of conversational implicatures. The study focuses on observing the interactions of a class of students at the English Letters Department of the Islamic State University of Malang (ELD-ISUM) East Java. It tried to answer the main research question How do the EFL students realize conversational implicatures in their interactions and specific research questions (1) What are the types of the conversational implicatures of the utterances realized by the students in their interaction (2) How does interlanguage occur in their conversational implicatures and (3) How is politeness manifested in their conversational implicatures The study employed a qualitative approach (ethnography) in order to explore the phenomena of the Indonesian EFL students conversational implicatures that naturally occur in the classroom contexts. A class of students was used as the research subjects. There were 20 students in the class 12 male and 8 female students. Some of them were graduates of The Muslim Boarding School and some from The Islamic Senior High School East Java. The data were obtained from observing classroom interactions on Speaking course (Speaking III). As the main instrument of the study the researcher was equipped with a mini tape-recorder. The data were simultaneously gathered by means of the observations recordings and field notes. The analysis of the data was carried out by means of the interactive model. With the model the analysis of the data was conducted before during and after data collection. The study revealed three research findings. First the students realized two types of conversational implicatures i.e. Generalized Conversational Implicature (GCI) and Particularized Conversational Implicature (PCI) in their interactions. These GCIs and PCIs were frequently realized by means of the indirect illocutionary forces in the forms of directive and expressive acts. The directive acts were realized because they needed to be covert or indirect in directing their intentions toward their fellow students while the expressive acts were realized because they needed to be covert in expressing their intentions toward their fellow students. In terms of the GCIs the students favor three kinds of heuristics namely Heuristic-Quantity Heuristic-Informativeness and Heuristic-Manner. Second the students encountered grammatical errors lexical errors cultural errors and fluency errors. In terms of the grammatical errors they confused word order and past perfect tense . Concerning the lexical errors the students had confined knowledge of some English terms. To cope with the errors they transferred some of L1 (Indonesian) terms in the English communication. Other errors arose as the result of the students cultural interferences since they were interested in revering certain values definitely the Islamic values. To cope with the errors of fluency the students resolved a strategy of communication by conveying the repetitive utterance showing hesitation and low-self confidence. Third the students attempted to realize a multi strategy instead of a single strategy. They obviously attempted to realize the off-record strategy for the whole data since the off-record strategy was indirectly stated and had the greatest potential for negotiation due to its permanent ambiguity. Besides they attempted to realize other strategies such as the positive and negative strategies. In other words the students combined the off-record with the positive and the off-record with the negative strategies in conveying the conversational implicatures. The students further made use of (addressee) honorifics and euphemisms so as to soften their communication. Some suggestions were proposed for individuals who plan to conduct studies on conversational implicatures. First they may observe classroom interactions between/among student(s) and student(s) with different groups inside or outside ELD-ISUM. Second they may observe classroom interactions between/among lecturer/student(s) and lecturer/student(s) inside or outside this college. Third they may observe natural interactions between/among student/office assistant(s) and student/office assistant(s) inside or outside this institution. Finally they may observe natural interactions between/among student/janitor(s) and student/janitor(s) inside or outside this college. EFL lecturers may endeavor the Immersion Programs and read numerous research reports on conversational implicatures.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Doctoral) |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | L Education > L Education (General) |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Sastra (FS) > Departemen Sastra Inggris (ING) > S3 Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris |
| Depositing User: | Users 2 not found. |
| Date Deposited: | 26 Jun 2008 04:29 |
| Last Modified: | 09 Sep 2008 03:00 |
| URI: | http://repository.um.ac.id/id/eprint/64385 |
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