Wulandari, Rokhima Ika (2009) Apologizing strategies used by English Departement Students of state University of Malang based on social status and social distance / Rokhima Ika Wulandari. Diploma thesis, Universitas Negeri Malang.
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ABSTRACT Wulandari Rokhima Ika. 2008. Apologizing Strategies Used by English Department Students of State University of Malang Based on Social Status and Social Distance. Thesis. English Department Faculty of Letters State University of Malang. Advisor Drs. Nur Mukminatien M.Pd. Key words Socio-pragmatics Apologizing strategies Social Status Social Distance English Department Students of State University of Malang IFID This thesis is a socio-pragmatic study about the apologizing strategies used by English Department Students of State University of Malang to nine people based on social status and social distance differences. The social status here includes lower- equal- and higher- status whereas the social distance includes an intimate person a familiar person and a stranger. The apologizing strategies were collected using a Discourse Completion Test (DCT) modified from Wouk (2006). By using DCT getting large numbers of respondents and collecting the data and constructing to account for variation in speech act realization determined by social status and social distance and combining all possible variables (social status and social distance) can be done easily. In this study DCT consists of nine situations in which the respondents were expected to give responses in the form of apologizing strategies to the nine people on different occasions. The first scenario was apologizing to lower status and intimate persons (their little brother/sister). In the second situation the respondents had to apologize to lower status and familiar persons (their students). In the third situation the respondents had to apologize to a stranger of lower status (an office boy). In the fourth situation the respondents were expected to apologize to equal status and intimate persons (their boyfriend/girlfriend). In the fifth situation the respondents were expected to apologize to equal status and familiar persons (their classmate). In the sixth situation the respondents were expected to apologize to a stranger of equal status (another student). In the seventh situation the respondents had to apologize to higher status and intimate persons (their mother). In the eighth situation the respondents had to apologize to higher status and familiar persons (their boss). Finally the respondents were expected to apologize to a stranger of higher status (a lady). The data found were placed in one of the Blum-Kulka et al. (1989) taxonomy of apologizing strategies. If a response could not be classified in that taxonomy it is marked as a new response. The result of this study showed that English Department students tended to use multiple strategies or the combination of two or more strategies. The respondents rarely use a single strategy in apologizing. However the strategy was used differently. Take an example I am dreadfully sorry Madam. If you please I would clean your blouse. This data consists of two strategies intensifier of apology by using intensifying adverbial and offering of repair. Another example is Boss I m sorry for making that foolish mistake. I ll retype it soon and I promise I ll never do the mistake again. That example consists of four strategies Illocutionary force indicating device (IFID) expressing responsibility by using admission offering of repair and promise of forbearance. IFID is the most common type of apologizing used by the respondents. Most of the respondents used it in the form of simple apology such as I m sorry or forgive me. Another frequent semantic formula used is expressing responsibility by using admission of facts. This semantic formula is commonly used with IFID but it can also occur alone such as I can t attend your party because I have to accompany my mother to go to hospital. Offering of repair is also commonly used in several situations in these findings. Besides the semantic formulas proposed by Blum-Kulka et al. (1989) there are six new semantic formulas which occur in these findings. Those six semantic formulas are request of apology suggestion asking something asking someone to do something asking for something and downgrading by acting of teasing. Based on the findings it can be seen that social status and social distance does influence the respondents in using apologizing strategies. The more intimate the respondents the stronger the feeling of apologizing of their offence. The higher the status of the hearer the stronger the feeling of apologizing for their offence and the more polite expression used. This research only investigated the apologizing strategies based on social status and social distance differences and the data for this study were from a DCT which did not reflect the naturally occurring speech. Therefore a more extensive study is needed to contribute more to the real application of sociopragmatic theory. A study about the influence of other social factors in apologizing might be interesting.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Diploma) |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | ?? ?? |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Sastra (FS) > Departemen Sastra Inggris (ING) > S1 Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris |
| Depositing User: | Users 2 not found. |
| Date Deposited: | 31 Mar 2009 04:29 |
| Last Modified: | 09 Sep 2009 03:00 |
| URI: | http://repository.um.ac.id/id/eprint/10892 |
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